Should Drug Be Legalized - 1358 Words

Should Drugs Be Legalized? Drugs are actually kind of brilliant products as they bring a lot of advantages to our society especially in medical area except when someone misuses them. Because of these abuses, certain drugs have been designated as illegal articles in lots of countries across the globe. Thus, we can see that in these recent decades, our society has involved in holy drug wars with the aim to strike against this disastrous drug abuses trend. However, a new phenomenon occurs when some people claim that we can only hold the stretch out of drug back by legalizing it. Thus, a number of arguments exist both uphold and subvert the legalization of drugs. The advocates of this statement assert that the legalization of cracks will†¦show more content†¦No one will be caught because of trafficking as they already become a legal transport team to deliver drug stores. It will also prevent a lot of unsophisticated teenagers forfeit their future or even life due to drugs trafficking. Many adolescents mak e this wrong decision but the last thing we can do is lock them up because we should give them a chance to turn over a new leaf instead of ruining their bright future. Hence, the rate of crimes especially drug-related crime will decline with the legalization of drug. Drug should be legalized because its prohibition restricts the freedom of citizen. â€Å"Prohibition can’t work, won’t work and has never worked† (Carter 289) as it confines the residents’ right to choose, one of the most basic principles that this country is built upon. Liberties of society cannot be restrained unless the act may cause someone loss. We need to keep in mind that the druggies would not harm anyone if they can get drug in a cheap, easy and legal pathway which is when the government carries out legalization of drug. Thus, drug is a personal entertainment substance instead of a harming weapon. It would not hurt anyone but only the user themselves since it is kind of personality-destroying matter just like alcohol and tobacco are. However, it does not treated as personal and societal problems like they do even though â€Å"every argument that is made forShow MoreRelatedShould Drugs be Legalized?1007 Words   |  4 PagesShould all drugs be le galized? Suppose that someone has some life threatening illness and suppose that a drug that has not yet been approved by the FDA can cure this illness. Should he have to die just because some government bureaucrat tells him that he cannot have this drug? There are millions of AIDS patients in similar tragedy. The two most harmful and dangerous substances are alcohol and tobacco. Yet, they are legal, only because they are popular. Marianne Apostolides of the pro-legalizationRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized? Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pageslegalization of drugs is among the most polarizing issues faced by the US government today. The increase in organized crime related to drug trafficking has forced authorities to reevaluate their stance on their legalization issue, and yet there are those in the civil society that oppose such legalization vehemently. Though there is evidence that many of the banned and scheduled substances can be attributed to a range of health benefits and trea tment of diseases, the American experience with drugs has beenRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1005 Words   |  5 Pages Drugs are upon the most controversial topics in the world, they are known for many reasons for bringing evil among the communities. They affect lower class families who struggle to make living in the world. The drug trade industry has lead politicians to corruption, because it makes them have more power. Drugs have made a huge impact in today’s society, although people will argue and agree that drugs can make the world a better place if they were just to be legalized. If drugs were to be legalizedRead MoreShould Drugs be Legalized?1187 Words   |  5 PagesDrug laws apply on state and federal levels. In federal circumstances, â€Å"convictions are from drug trafficking† and in the states, it’s for â€Å"drug possession.† The federal punishments are longer sentences and harsher punishment while the states place the arrestee is charg ed with misdemeanor and is put on probation, short jail term, or a fine. However, in court, if the criminal pleads guilty, they keep a clean criminal record and take a prescribed substance abuse program†¦vacated†¦and [18 months later]Read MoreDrugs Should Be Legalized?1934 Words   |  8 PagesIt seems that drugs should be legalized because, â€Å"the existing evidence suggests that net costs for drugs are higher under probation-substantially higher in some cases† (Miron, 839). Miron is proposing that prohibition leads to significantly high prices for drugs which creates incentives for suppliers to develop a black market and make enormous profits. By legalizing drugs, he argues that the price will be driven down so that the black market will be eliminated because the profits will not beRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1801 Words   |  8 PagesShould Drugs Be Legalized? What can be considered by far the most terrible evil, exciting an increasing number of very young people who cannot in consequence of the normal full life? Evil, which first brings joy, then life turns into a nightmare? Evil that breaks the health and life of the person obeyed it, all his family and friends? Evil, which spreads very quickly, while hitting not only the body but also the soul of person? Some people want to earn money from this evil, others - are trying toRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1239 Words   |  5 Pages80-90% of all inmates are incarcerated due to drug related crime or robbery to help pay for their drugs that they owe money on. For these inmates dealing with drugs is something very normal in their lives. Drugs being involved in prisons is also something that is very similar to the world. Prison guards find an inmate trying to smuggle in drugs at least once a week. As seen on Orange is the New Black in many episodes in season 2 and 3 the inmates smuggled in tobacco for cigarettes and Nicky got inRead MoreHard Drugs Should Not be Legalized937 Words   |  4 PagesKurt Cobain once expressed the idea that, â€Å"drugs are a waste of time. They destroy your memory and your self-respect and everything that goes along with your self-esteem†. The issue of drugs has always been a very controversial issue, the debate on whether or not all abusive substances should be legalized. There are many sides to this argument and in the United States this issue draws two types of people to the debate: those for the legalization of hard drugs and those against it. Ever since our earliestRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?2054 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"Drug misuse refers to the use of a drug for purposes for which it was not intended or using a drug in excessive quantities† (Powell, 2011). It is a widely discussed topic in contemporary society. The argument as to whether drugs should be legalised has been ongoing for many decades. Legalisation and regulation of some illicit drugs are now on the agenda. Statistics have shown that in 2014-2015, around 1 in 12 (8.6%) adults aged 16 to 59 had taken an illicit drug (Home Office, 2015). Illicit drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Drugs Be Legalized?932 Words   |  4 PagesThe subject of drugs has certainly been an issue that has been widely discussed. Over the years, it has always boiled down to whether all drugs should be legalized or not. While the United States has been arguing over the topic of for many years, countries, such as Portugal, have taken an alternative and very unique way to fight the war on drugs. In 2001, the Portuguese government decided to flip its war on dru gs strategy entirely: It decriminalized them all (Aleem). At first, this strategy was greatly

Traditional Religious Wardrobe And High Fashion Mix

It is a rare occurrence that traditional religious wardrobe and high fashion mix. However, HM is combining the two in a recent campaign. This advertisement is creating culture fusion, acceptance of Muslim culture and a space for the hijab within fashion. However, there has been negative reviews concerning losing their culture and fear from the public. The retailer HM has recently been using advertisements with people of all shapes and sizes. Their new advertisement style is making fashion flexible. The most recent video campaign features a model, wearing a traditional hijab (nyt). The models name is Mariah Idrissi and she hopes that this advertisement recreates an old Muslim tradition and how people view it. The hijab is a traditional Islamic piece of clothing that is an expression of modesty and privacy. This mixture of traditional Muslim culture and modern American pop culture is an example of a cultural fusion. It is very uncommon for such a traditional religious cultural item to appear in something involved so highly in modern culture. However I think that the hijab expresses more than just religion but it also is an expression of Muslim culture. This campaign takes a tradition Muslim practice and give it an American outlook. Creating a culture for Muslims and Muslim Americans with in not only American culture but also high fashion. One major thing that this advertisement did was to help forge a space for Muslim culture. Helping to create a positive picture ofShow MoreRelatedBusiness Plan for Mustard Boutique9962 Words   |  40 Pagescomfortable and approachable environment. b) To showcase quality, well-constructed fashions from prominent and cutting-edge designers. c) To offer a variety of beautiful and high-end fashion accessories. d) To help women learn what clothing and styles go best with their unique personalities. e) To generate buzz and sales through top-notch exclusive services. 1.2 Keys to Success a) Having a good location in a high-shopping area. b) Quality product and good relationships with vendors. c) OutstandingRead MoreMarket Audit and Competitive Market Analysis5771 Words   |  24 Pagesrelies on the brand to deliver everything from basics to cutting-edge trends. It’s the broad spectrum of ever-changing co lections that keep Topshop ahead of the style game. Mainline Topshop’s Mainline range is a one-stop shop for the seasonal wardrobe. Created by an in-house design team, the range of instant classics sits alongside the more specialist collections. Premium Aiming to give the customer that little something extra, the Premium range uses premium fabrics and limited-edition designsRead MoreIkea Case Study on Marketing22843 Words   |  92 Pagesaspects ..................................................................................................... 7 PEST Analysis theory .......................................................................................................... 10 Marketing Mix theory .......................................................................................................... 11 The theory of standardization............................................................................................... 13 TheRead MoreMarketing: Meeting Needs Profitably6042 Words   |  25 Pages| List of Figures iii List of Tables iii 1 QUESTION 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Marketing Mix Decision at FitFlop 1 1.1.1 Product amp; Customer’s Solution 2 1.1.2 Price amp; Cost 4 1.1.3 Place amp; Convenience 4 1.1.4 Promotion amp;Communication 4 1.2 Conclusion 5 6 QUESTION 2 2.0 Introduction 6 2.1 Geographic Segmentation 6 2.2 Demographic Segmentation 7 2.3 PsychographicRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technologyRead MoreConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 PagesSales of Beauty and Personal Care Key Categories 2006-2011 ...... 31 Regional Ranking of Per Capita Sales of Mens Grooming Products 2011 ........................................................................................................... 31 Fashion Habits ........................................................................................................................... 32 Attitudes Towards Clothing .....................................................................................Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesfor a high growth diversified Russian conglomerate? Alliance Boots – a major merger in the pharmaceutical distribution and retailing sector. Police Mergers – are mergers the best way forward in tackling major crime? Ericsson – innovation from the periphery: the development of mobile telephone systems. Direct Care – strategy development in the multistakeholder context of public sector services. BBC – structural changes to deliver a better service. Sony (B) – more structural changes at the high-techRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Wo rds   |  1573 PagesDiversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than Women 61 Questions for Review 62 Experiential Exercise Feeling Excluded 62 Ethical Dilemma Board Quotas 62 Case IncidentRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 PagesW2 faith n S3, W2 fall n S2, W2 fall v S1, W1 false adj W3 familiar adj S3, W2 family n S1, W1 famous adj S2, W2 fan n S3, W2 fancy adj S3 fancy v S2 fantastic adj S3 far adj S1, W1 far adv S1, W1 farm n S2, W2 farmer n S2, W2 fascinating adj S3 fashion n S3, W2 fast adj S2, W2 fast adv S2, W3 fat adj S2, W3 father n S1, W1 fault n S2, W3 favour n S2, W3 favour v W3 favourite adj S3, W3 fear n S3, W1 fear v W2 feature n S2, W1 feature v W3 federal adj W1 fee n S3, W3 feed v S1, W2 feedback n S3 feel

Dematerializtion of Architecture Free Essays

The history of discourses has been developed for centuries, and architecture have entered a phase of re-evaluation. Because of the prevalent technology and media of creation in the virtual world, contemporary architecture is dematerialized to be images and abstract ideas. The definition of architecture has become even more subjective, obscure, ambiguous and limited. We will write a custom essay sample on Dematerializtion of Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now We took advantages from photography and the technology of visualization. But the excessive trust on the visual sensation has somehow blinded our eyes and becomes he obstacle for understanding space and architecture. Photographers and designers selectively frame an object to depict a most exaggerated angle or to capture a most exciting moment. Audiences lost their autonomy in discovering the truth, because there is no other materials available except the illusions. The resulted biased understanding to architecture contradicts to Juhani Pallasmaa’s theory. He reaffirmed Merleau-Pontys philosophy, the human body is the centre of experiential world, in his book: The Eyes of The Skin. He argues that multi-sensory experience allows the human body perceiving the qualities of space, matter and scale in a more profound manner. However, the multi-sensory experience does not apply to those intangible architecture. The obsession of rendering has enervated the importance of materiality. Materiality means mapping or tiling texture’ over the flat surface in the simulation program, disregarding physical properties, thickness, stiffness, elasticity, and density, of each specific material. We recklessly over simplify materiality. In renderings, stainless steel eans highly reflective and shiny; wood means brown and static; brick means pixelated facade. Material has been degraded to be a piece of veneer or wallpaper, fragile and dispensable. This encourages substituting one material with another material. It is not rare to use hollow metal with shiny coating to imitate stainless steel in the construction practice. The identity of material is fading away. Last but not least, the inflation of the project scale has disrupted the relationship between an individual and the built habitat. The immense scale of the new evelopments confuse us because everything is out of human proportion. Windows grow too big to become curtain wall. Doors are automatized, because they are too heavy to open. Towers are too high that takes hours to walk up. We cannot use the traditional quantitative mechanism to interpret matters. We could Just live within a building and hardly get to see the whole picture of it. The tangible structure is dissolved to be purely impression. Here we go back to photography in seeking a solid answer to the understanding of contemporary architecture. How to cite Dematerializtion of Architecture, Papers

Film Music Essay Example For Students

Film Music Essay Outline1 The Sound of Music- a masterpiece of world cinematography2 The legend of â€Å"The Sound of Music†3 The triumphal success of the film The Sound of Music- a masterpiece of world cinematography Very often musicals, successfully marching on the stage, continue to conquer the public in cinemas. Sometimes it happens vice versa film musicals turn into performances. The story, which will be discussed later, has gone the way from a book to a motion picture, that later has become the basis for theatrical scenario once again returned to the screen, to become one of the most famous musical films in cinema history called â€Å"The Sound of Music.† The film, which, following the slogan, gives the viewer â€Å"the happiest sounds on the earth,† is a film adaptation of the eponymous Broadway musical telling the viewer the real story that occurred in Austria in the late 30th. The basis of the musical was the book â€Å"The Story of the Trapp Family Singers† by Maria von Trapp. It included popular songs like â€Å"Edelweiss,† â€Å"My Favorite Things,† â€Å"Do-Re-Mi,† â€Å"Sixteen Going on Seventeen† and also the song is in the title. In 1965, the movie â€Å"Sounds of Music† went to the cinemas. The legend of â€Å"The Sound of Music† The actions take place in Salzburg, Austria on the eve of World War II. In the center of the plot of the film is the story about orphan Maria, who from childhood wanted to go into a nun. When she grew up, she realized that her vocation was different, something more. To help the girl understand herself and the surrounding life, the Mother Abbess sent Maria to work as a governess in the house of the naval retired Captain Georg von Trapp. He was a widower with seven children, who drove out not one governess. And of course, they had no other plans for Maria. However, she managed to find a common language with the guys. The sound of music, the talent to talk spiritually and understand the other person all this helped the girl to sink into Georgs heart. â€Å"The sound of music† is based on the real-life story, the memoir of the governess, who later became Frau von Trapp: both the father of the family and the children who fell in love with Maria. This heartening story is about the family involved in historical events of Nazi power and fascist regime in Austria. Such a serious historical context gives the history of von Trapp a special content the films director Robert Wise speaks of love and acceptance, which are above any manifestations of aggression and violence, of music in the world, that is a universal means for an explanation between people. The triumphal success of the film It is not surprising that in all parts of the world viewers speak about the film â€Å"The Sound of Music† as â€Å"the best musical of all times and nations.† The musical has become one of the most commercially successful projects in the history of Hollywood, and in 1966 it became the five-time winner of the Oscar: for the best film, best sound, best direction, best musical adaptation, and best editing. This wonderful musical is a classic work of popular art. The craftsmanship of producers and directors of the film and various techniques makes this work special among others. This classic film is filled with glorious songs. Unique effects with the sound increase the entertainment of the audience. So, a touching story based on real events and decorated with simple, intelligible sound of melodies thats all you need to create a film musical. In addition, the charming backstage of Salzburg and its suburbs, the magnificent acting of the actors give â€Å"The Sound of Music† a magical charm.

Journalistic Article on Kind of Blue- Miles Davis free essay sample

This release can be described as the cornerstone of Jazz music, Having sold over 20 million copies, It has gone on to Influence generations of musicians to come. Even to this day it is currently selling 5000 copies per week. It is nothing short of a masterpiece and these six tracks of brilliant improvisation will leave you in a better mood by the end of it. Through the modal sketches of Davis, this album takes you on a mysterious and beautiful Journey Into the world of jazz.The word on the street is that Miles Davis only gave extremely brief instructions to he musicians as to what to play for each song. The way he went about recording this album marked a difference in his musical Journey. Basing the entire album on modality rather than chord changes, he simply gave them a modal sketch of each song and the rest was left up to their own improvisational skill skill. We will write a custom essay sample on Journalistic Article on Kind of Blue- Miles Davis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The beauty of this album Is that It Is based on pure spontaneity of each artist. There Is a beautiful and distinct voice expressed through each Instrument. It Is a rare thing to bring together a string of such unique and talented artists. But when it happens- meeting that cannot be described with words takes place- true music. In the studio with Davis were saxophone players John Coloration and Julian Dearly, the bassist Paul Chambers, plants Bill Evans and drummer Jimmy Cob, From Intricate yet delicate piano runs, to the smooth and slick improvisations of the trumpet, to the steady and foot thumping bass line and the unmistakable groove of the drums, each musician brought something exciting and different to this modal approach of Improvisation.The final album was recorded In almost one take. Somebody once told me that a true musician makes what is difficult to seem very impel. In such a case as Kind of Blue this is what I would call an accurate statement. Because of the musical genius behind this album, it Is something that would be at home in the CD collection of anybody- not just the dedicated fans of jazz. The music flows with such an accessible ease and is enjoyable for any ear. At the same time however, it is also beyond satisfying for the passionate musician to analyses.It can definitely be appreciated by those who are not dedicated jazz fans. If you are looking to get Into Jazz music, I would say this album Is the best place In which to begin. The first song on the album is the famous So What. This could be considered the staple of Males Davis. Everyone knows It, and everybody loves it. A dark and mysterious piano sequence starts the song and is soon Joined by the catchy bass line that is the core of the whole tune.After 9 minutes of mind blowing improvisation satisfaction. Following is Freddie Freeloader a song with clear inspiration from the blues, with up-tempo blues piano riffs in a 12 bar blues form that are then replaced with the unpredictable improvisations of Miles Davis on the trumpet. His harmonistic muted tone is unforgettable. Next comes Blue in Green. The romantic piano intro is definitely a change of mood from the first two tracks. It is the shortest song on the album.

acondroplasia essays

acondroplasia essays Acondroplasia A Genetic Bone Disorder There are hundreds of reasons why some children never reach expected heights as adults. Many are short in stature because of family or ethnic backgrounds. Others have a wide range of medical conditions, which are often at times genetic, that limit overall growth in all or just specific parts of the body, such as the limbs or the torso. One of the medical conditions is Acondroplasia, the most common bone or skeletal disorder. What is Acondroplasia? Acondroplasia, or Dwarfism, is a genetic disorder of bone growth that is evident at birth. It affects about one in every 20,000 births and it occurs in all races and in both male and female genders. It is estimated that there are about 10,000 individuals with this disorder in the United States. When a person has Acondroplasia, abnormal cartilage at the growth plates of the bones in the body causes their short stature. Men with this disorder are usually less than 52 inches tall and women are somewhat shorter. Acondroplasia is caused by an abnormal gene, or in other words, mutation, that is located on chromosome 4 pair (humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes). The condition may be passed on from one generation to the next or it may just simply result from a new mutation in a gene from an average sized parent. Nine out of ten children who are born with Acondroplasia have average sized parents. It is not possible to have a little bit of Acondroplasia, or only a touch of it. A person either has it or does not. In 1994, Dr. John Wasmuth and his colleagues discovered that the mutation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) gene on human chromosome 4 does indeed cause Acondroplasia, but the exact way in which the mutation in FGFR3 causes Acondroplasia is not yet known. Some of the signs and symptoms of Acondroplasia is that the individual has a large head with a prominent forehead, a low br...

Management research project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management project - Research Paper Example The paper will critically evaluate how human resource in the bank incorporates strategies and policies to better handle and nurture diversity within its workforce. Research Objectives The broad objective of the study is to find out how OCBC handle the issue of its diverse workforce. The three specific objectives of the study are: To establish how diverse the workforce in OCBC is. To find out the existing strategies and policies employed by the human resource management regarding diverse workforce To examine the challenges brought about by a diverse workforce Research Question How diverse is the OCBC workforce in Singapore? What are the existing strategies and policies used by the human resource management in handling diversity in its employees? What are the challenges brought about by a diverse workforce Research Methodology Both qualitative and quantitative research design will be utilized as they will cover the broad aspects of the study and enable a concrete conclusion and recomme ndation to be drawn. The tool used to collect data includes both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires as well as interview guides will be distributed to OCBC employees and the human resource department respectively as they are the target population. Data will be analyzed using SPSS and presented descriptively using tables, charts and graphs. Random and careful biased sampling will be used to arrive at the desired sample Literature Review It has been argued that human or workforce is the most important asset that dictates the future of any organization, OCBC Bank in Singapore not being an exception. According to Boxall & Purcell, 2008 workplace diversity has been defined severally but one definition adopted is; variety of differences and uniqueness among and between individuals within an organization. The concept entails issues relating to of age, sex, religion, ability, disability, race, ethnic groups, color, nationality and even sex orientation, educational background, job title to mention but a few. If the HR have in place best strategies and policies to nurture diversity, the results are better as it helps in increasing adaptability, widening service range, more effective way of executing duties as well as bring a diverse ideas that can yield the desired satisfaction to customers hence propelling the organization to greater heights (Katharine, et al 1995). On the other hand, there are challenges brought about by a diverse workforce and this include resistance to change, hindrance on implementation of diversity in place of work polices, difficulties in sharing information Company background OCBC is the longest operating bank in Singapore having been established in 1912. Today, OCBC has been ranked by world analysts as the second largest financial services group in Southeast Asia, most highly-rated bank and one of the world’s strongest bank ( OCBC Annual Report 2010). OCBC provides financial services

American Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

American Foreign Policy - Essay Example The country's founding fathers seem to have given overlapping powers to Legislature and Executive, and this led Edwin Corwin to say that both branches are expected "to struggle for the privilege of directing American Foreign Policy." This has naturally resulted in Executive and Legislature sharing foreign policy decisions. It has also resulted in a kind of competition and jealous guarding of their spaces, which has led to unpleasant bickering many times. Constitution has laid down these principles as an effective check against each other's power, and the hope of a highly gratifying foreign policy that would be helpful not only to America but also to the rest of the world, as America is a huge and powerful nation. They had not foreseen that America would become the only superpower, but they had definitely foreseen that it would be an influential power in the world, that would have a definite say in world matters. These thinkers want clout to be a very positive one. To a very large ext ent, they have attained their wish, though it leads to one-upmanship very often, especially when the incumbent in the White House is not a visionary. America had gained her independence much before any other colonies and her only rival in those years was Britain in world affairs. Slowly when British power diminished after two world wars, America more or less conducted her foreign affairs on her own terms and this made the American President an invincible and all-powerful personality on the world stage. But at home, there had always been a slight, sometimes more pronounced tug of war between the Executive and Legislature, which worked as an effective check during times of stress, and an irritant, sometimes even a definite threat during other. Treaties in the US are entirely executive agreements. American presidents have made many international agreements through Congressional-Executive Agreements and only the President has the power to do so. These have to be ratified by only the maj ority in both the Houses. Some constitutional scholars have said that these CEAs are unconstitutional, but the Supreme Court has upheld their validity. Once these agreements are reached they are binding while these procedural acceptances go on.  Foreign policy is the politics of shared power between executive and legislature and these two have to maintain the balance.   The extent to which the executive power touches the foreign policy had always been a matter of controversy. Today there are many pragmatic and constitutional arguments trying to fix the boundaries of executive power on war, national security and treaty interpretation.   "Finally, the President has broad residual power over foreign affairs, but that power does not extend to matters not part of the traditional executive power. Accordingly, the President cannot claim lawmaking or appropriations power in foreign affairs. American foreign policy still runs with an institutional approach where the powerful executive sometimes takes the center stage, or a less powerful one allows the Legislature to take an upper hand.  

Information Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information Management - Essay Example The right dissemination and application of information is power. Accordingly, the conversion of data from internal and external sources into information is called Information Systems. This is also known as Information Management and is typically computer based. It helps in enhancing the decision making process, enhances the operations, helps in overall growth of the company. It includes hardware, software, people, communication system, and the data itself. Information Systems can be used in any type of company be it manufacturing, retailing, or the service industry. This report analyzes the use of IS in the supply chain management. Supply chain management involves getting the right things at the places at the right time for maximum profit. Zara, a leading Spanish Fashion clothing company, is a classic example of having an unorthodox and cutting edge approach in the supply chain management. To cater to the changing demands of the customers, some manufacturers take care of management of supply and distribution in addition to designing. Zara is one such company, which has retained direct control over the entire process. Today Zara has attained the distinction of being a global brand having its presence in 60 countries with over 858 retail shops in big cities of the world (Inditex). It has made the best use of the resources and achieved the current position. They apply the â€Å"sense and respond† business model in this supply chain management. They react immediately because they have direct access to demand data. They base their product design and development on the demand data collected from the POS or the POS data mining technology. Information from their stores is constantly transmitted to the team of 200 desig ners. This gives them a competitive edge as far as customer satisfaction is concerned. Zara works at the pace of the society (Zara). This report would examine how effectively Zara uses Information System to

The Unsustainable To Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay

The Unsustainable To Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay From Unsustainable to Sustainable development; Urban problems related to energy; Water conservation, rainwater harvesting, watershed management, Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies; Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions; Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies; Wasteland reclamation; Consumerism and waste products; Environment Protection Act; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act; Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act; Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation; Public awareness. 6.1 Unsustainable to Sustainable development Sustainable development is not a new concept. It means living in harmony with the nature in full recognition of the needs of all other species. It is no just the survival of the fittest, we must help even the weakest of the species to survive because each species has a role to play that is ultimately beneficial to the earth and all its human population. Our forefathers preached us the need to coexist with the environment in a balanced manner. The needs of the people in different parts of the world may be different, but our dependence on the Nature is similar. The most important thing to remember is that we have only one earth and if we destroy it by our actions, our children will not have a place to live. The first comprehensive definition of sustainable development was given by the Brundtland Commission in 1987: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. [Brundtland, G (ed) (1987). Our Common Future: The World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford: Oxford University Press]. Any development activity can be sustainable, if it is .. a dynamic process which enables all people to realize their potential, and to improve their quality of life, in ways which simultaneously protect and enhance the Earths life support systems. (Forum for the Future, Annual Report 2000). In short, if we care for the comfort of the present generation only and do not think of the needs of the future generations, and we damage the environment by various development activities, these activities will be termed as unsustainable. In taking every action, small or big, the possible damages to the environment must be given full consideration and the action must not leave behind a degraded environment. Technically, sustainable development is defined as a path of development in which no permanent and irreparable damage is done to the environment and the resources are kept intact for the future generations. The earth has everything for each generation, but it depends on the proper use. The present generation can survive very well on the resources available, but they must also leave behind enough resources for the future generations. It is necessary that a sustainable development path do not have any negative factor that is responsible for causing adverse impacts on the environmen t. A sustainable development programme is friendly to the ecosystem in all respects and has the capacity to absorb abrupt changes of the present and the future. Sustainable development has also a strong element of socio-political development. Thus, sustainable development programme must have equal concern for all sections of the society with a balanced economic development and environmental protection. The programme should have a log-term view of future consequences of any action taken today. In short, sustainable development has become the cornerstone of development planning today and has also become a principal tool of negotiation in international aid packages to the countries. The sustainable development can be broadly classified into three different kinds, viz., environmental sustainability (no permanent damage to the environment), economic sustainability (economy remains stable with equitable sharing of resources) and sociopolitical sustainability (maintaining social harmony and political stability). Historical milestones The Brundtland Commission, formally the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), known by the name of its Chair Gro Harlem Brundtland, was convened by the United Nations in 1983. The commission was created to address growing concern about the accelerating deterioration of the human environment and natural resources and the consequences of that deterioration for economic and social development. In establishing the commission, the UN General Assembly recognized that environmental problems were global in nature and determined that it was in the common interest of all nations to establish policies for sustainable development. The Commission was asked to focus mainly on the following: To propose long-term environmental strategies for achieving sustainable development to the year 2000 and beyond; To recommend ways in which concern for the environment may be translated into greater co-operation among developing countries and between countries at different stages of economic and social development and lead to the achievement of common and mutually supportive objectives which take account of the interrelationships between people, resources, environment and development; To consider ways and means by which the international community can deal more effectively with environmental concerns, in the light of the other recommendations in its report; To help to define shared perceptions of long-term environmental issues and of the appropriate efforts needed to deal successfully with the problems of protecting and enhancing the environment, and a long-term agenda for action during the coming decades. The need to protect and enhance the human environment within a common framework and principles led to the Brundtland Report and subsequently, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), more commonly known as the Earth Summit, took place in Rio de Janeiro, in 1992. This conference was designed to help governments to rethink economic development and find ways to stop pollution and the destruction of natural resources. The conference documents included: Rio Declaration on Environment and Development United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Statement of Forest Principles Agenda 21 Agenda 21 and Sustainable Development At the Earth Summit in 1992, an agenda on worldwide sustainable development was formulated. This agenda, known as the Agenda 21, is a blueprint on how to make development socially, economically and environmentally sustainable into the next century. It addresses economic and development issues and the conservation and management of the worlds resources. The implementation of Agenda 21 has been made the responsibility of Governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), industry and also the general public. Agenda 21 provides a global framework for tackling global environmental problems like climate change, ozone depletion, biodiversity loss, desertification and deforestation. The Earth Summit was followed by a conference in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002 where the stakeholders from international institutions and corporations to national, regional and local governments have accepted that the principle of sustainable development will be at the core of all policy making. A few of the areas highlighted by the Agenda 21 are: (i) Combating Poverty. Poverty and environmental degradation are directly related to one another and it is imperative on the part of the governments that they should focus on poverty alleviation in order to protect the environment. The national programmes should aim at sustainable use of resources and should enable the poor to earn a living without destroying the environment. It is envisaged that the people should have a say in the development process and that local groups should be involved in the planning and execution of anti-poverty programmes. In this way, the people will become a party to sustainable development and environmental protection. (ii) Changing Consumption Patterns. Agenda 21 calls for a change in the existing patterns of production and consumption so that the damages to the environment may be minimized. For this purpose, the industrialized countries have been asked to play a leading role. National programmes should give more emphasis to more efficient production processes so that emissions and waste generation are brought down to minimum. All processes of production and consumption should conform to the principle of sustainable development i.e. no harm to the environment. The Governments should discourage all production processes which are not environment-friendly and should levy taxes on goods that are produced through such processes. The use of eco-labels on appliances should be encouraged and efforts should be made to raise public awareness on energy efficiency and recycling of wastes. (iii) Population and Human Health. The rapidly increasing population has created much pressure on natural resources, employment, social and health services. Sustainable development is not possible if the population is not appropriately controlled. Agenda 21 calls for the governments to adopt measures that take into account the links between population dynamics and sustainability, and identify carrying capacities. Poor health is often a result of poverty, especially in developing countries. Agenda 21 recommends that every national health programme should provide for the development of basic health care facilities with emphasis on training of doctors, nurses and other personnel, strengthen immunization programmes to control communicable diseases, and provide specific healthcare measures for the most vulnerable groups, including infants, women and indigenous peoples. (iv) Human Settlements. Migration towards the urban centers has been continuously increasing and the towns and cities are overcrowded with people. Slums have expanded and basic facilities such as supply of clean drinking water, sanitation and sewerage facilities, healthy living conditions, etc., are becoming scarce. Traffic congestion, poor air quality, waste dumping and unhygienic conditions have multiplied in most cities. Agenda 21 calls for appropriate urban renewal projects and transportation strategies, the provision of access to land, and credit and low cost building materials for the poor. Migration to big cities can be reduced only by improving living conditions and employment opportunities in rural areas and Agenda 21 lays stress on the development of the rural areas. (v) Atmospheric Protection. The atmosphere can be protected by reducing emissions to it. For this purpose, Agenda 21 calls for action in the energy production sector, transport and industry, through the promotion and development of energy efficient programmes, regional energy plans, public-awareness campaigns of environmentally sound energy systems, and research into more fuel-efficient transport systems. (vi) Ecosystems. Ecosystem conservation and protection is considered as a major item in sustainable development. For this purpose, Agenda 21 calls for governments, business houses and NGOs to introduce programmes of afforestation, reforestation, and sustainable land use and water resource management. The education programmes should be reoriented towards environmentally sustainable resource management. (vii) Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development. While agriculture should yield enough food for the rising population, the farming practices should not lead to land erosion, desertification and deforestation. Current methods of farming, particularly in developing countries, should be carefully examined and unhealthy practices should be discontinued. Agenda 21 urges the development of long-term land conservation and rehabilitation programmes, by encouraging people to invest for the future through land ownership. (viii) Conservation of Biological Diversity and Management of Biotechnology. Habitat destruction, over-harvesting, pollution and introduction of foreign species are recognized as the main factors behind loss of biodiversity. Agenda 21 calls for governments to undertake national biodiversity assessment programmes and formulate strategies to conserve the existing biological diversity without further damage. (ix) Protecting and Managing the Oceans and Fresh Water. Agenda 21 calls for nations to develop policies, which address unsustainable fishing practices, the creation of marine protection zones, and the surveillance and enforcement of fisheries regulations. The agenda further requires that the National water management practices are integrated into economic and social policies. Agenda 21 sets 2025 as the realistic target date for ensuring universal water supplies, and to develop low-cost services, which can be built and maintained at the community level. (x) Managing Wastes. Agenda 21 calls for an international strategy to manage the production and disposal of wastes, including hazardous waste, solid waste and sewage, and radioactive waste. Governments should encourage and assist industry in achieving cleaner production technologies, and promote changes in lifestyles, production and consumption, through recycling and fund public education initiatives. Countries, which generate nuclear waste, should adopt an integrated approach to the safe management, transportation, storage and disposal of radioactive wastes. (xi) Implementing Sustainable Development. All nations will have to make political, social and economic commitments to ensure that the Agenda 21 can be properly implemented and that necessary resources are available for the same. The Agenda asks international funding organizations such as the International Development Association and the Global Environment Facility to help developing countries in meeting additional expenses in implementing all measures required for sustainable development. Developed countries should help promote the transfer of technology to developing countries. It is necessary to monitor the implementation of Agenda 21. Laws should be enacted to secure a balance between the needs for development and environmental protection. The main objectives should include: international standards in environmental protection taking into account the different situations and abilities of individual countries; review of all environmental laws making them more effective; and measures to avoid or settle international disputes. Meeting the aims and objectives of Agenda 21 within the time frame established by the 1992 Earth Summit will pose great social, economic and technological difficulties, both for developing and developed nations. The development that has been witnessed during the 20th century has brought unprecedented changes to biodiversity, the atmosphere and global climate. These are to be reversed. The new challenge for todays society is to ensure that future development and the use of the Earths resources is managed in a sustainable way, and in every action, the quality of life is preserved for generations of the 21st century and beyond. For sustainable development, human population growth has to be controlled. Otherwise, no invention and development in science and technology will be able to prevent irreversible degradation of the natural environment and to alleviate continued poverty in large parts of the world. The natural and social sciences will be crucial in developing new options for limiting population growth, protecting the natural environment, and improving the quality of human life. These should be the perspectives in all short and long term planning for all governments so that the challenges of the present and the future can be adequately addressed. 6.2 Urban problems related to energy use With massive urbanization occurring on a global scale, the state of the environment and human health in the cities of the world has become a prime concern. It is estimated that by the year 2025, over five thousand million people will be living in the cities. In the developing countries of the world, already more than 200 cities have populations of one million or more. Living in cities has many positive benefits, such as increased job opportunities and better access to essential services and facilities. However, many environmental, health and development problems have reached near-crisis dimensions in cities all over the world. Urban growth has exposed populations to serious environmental hazards and has outstripped the capacity of municipal and local governments to provide even basic amenities (water, sanitation, power) and essential health services. Millions of people in the urban areas of developing countries are living under life- and health-threatening conditions. Cities have a s ignificant impact on the broader hinterland and global environment and the fate of cities will have a major influence on the fate of nations and of the planet. Poverty and health Despite the unprecedented creation of wealth worldwide in the past two decades, the number of people living in absolute poverty is growing steadily. Poverty remains the number one killer, with the poor bearing a disproportionate share of the global burden of ill health. The poor live in unsafe and overcrowded housing, often in semi-urban and urban slums, with practically no access to safe water or to sewerage. These people are also exposed to pollution, traffic and industrial and other risks at home, at work or in their communities, much more than the wealthy people living in the same cities. They have insufficient food that too of poor quality from the point of nutrition. Even in rich countries, the poor suffer worse health than do the better off. Children are particularly affected in the poorest regions of the world, one in five children dies before his or her first birthday, mostly from environment-related diseases such as acute respiratory infections, diarrhea and malaria. Not only are children more heavily and frequently exposed to threats to their health in the environment, but also they are more vulnerable to the ill effects on health. For example, in the USA and parts of Europe, lead poisoning illustrates the unequal burden of risk borne by poor inner-city children, who are more heavily exposed to sources of lead in and around the home and are also more affected by the toxicity of lead. Energy consumption Compared to the rural areas, people in towns and cities consume large amount of energy. For example, the old type of Indian houses were made of wood, mud and unburnt bricks which required very little temperature adjustments and consequently very little energy was required for heating and cooling. The present buildings in towns and cities are mostly made of concrete, cement, steel, aluminium, marble, well-burnt bricks and glass. These materials are energy intensive and the houses made with them require a lot of power to keep them comfortable during the winter and the summer and also for lighting and decoration. The process of manufacture of these materials also consumes enormous amount of energy in different forms. At earlier times, people used fuel wood or charcoal in kitchens for making food and also in the living rooms for heating. This did not create any environmental problem such as that of smoke because the houses had separate kitchens at a distance from the main living quarters and the houses were tall having provision of chimneys. This is no longer possible in todays housing blocks where the living quarters are not separated from the kitchens; the RCC structure does not allow having tall roofs and also chimneys. Therefore the fuel type has to be changed as otherwise there will be serious smoke and associated health problems. Kerosene replaced firewood and charcoal as the favourite fuel for the urban homes. Later kerosene gave way to natural gas and electricity during the 1970s. The dependence on firewood has continued in the rural areas particularly for people living in the far-flung areas of the foothills and the forests. Newer tools of comfort came to be used in the urban centers. The use of electric fans during the summer has become a common practice but the effluent has gone for air-conditioning in their houses. As the houses have become almost like glass towers and since glass is a very bad conductor of heat, this has created problem of large temperature difference between outside and inside of a house requiring much energy to be spent on air-conditioning. Additional energy need has become necessary for running the lifts and operating a large number of other gadgets of modern life The other major urban energy need is for transport. The towns and cities are roaming with buses, trucks, cars, two- and three-wheelers all of which depend on fossil fuels, namely petrol and diesel. The number of vehicles has increased at a very fast rate during the last few years despite the higher price of fuel. Small, narrow and improperly maintained roads and overcrowding have further aggravated the problem. Traffic congestion has become a serious problem in all urban areas. Slower moving vehicles burn more fuel and thereby the energy efficiency is further reduced. This has also given rise to problems of carbon monoxide pollution, smog and other environmental problems affecting peoples health particularly through various respiratory diseases. Time has come to design an efficient public transport system, which will lead to substantial energy saving, minimize congestion and reduce pollution problems. 6.3 Water conservation, rainwater harvesting, and watershed management All living organisms need water, plants use it in photosynthesis, humans and other animals drink it, and aquatic plants and animals live in it. Water also plays an important part in many natural and human processes and is a critical component of countless physical and chemical reactions. It also supports many economic activities. The amount of water in the world has remained constant. In fact, water hasnt changed in amount or nature for millions of years. It just keeps cycling and recycling from atmosphere to earth and back again. Freshwater is a precious resource as it makes up less than 3% of the earths total water resources. Because freshwater is so limited and plays such a key role in world health, economies, and environmental stability, it must be conserved and used in a sustainable manner. The efficient use of water implies doing more with less. Efficiencies can be gained in all sectors, including agriculture, municipal, domestic, and industry. Central to a successful water conservation program are an understanding of The water resource itself (baseline data and monitoring) How, when, and why water is used (water audits and metering) The full cost of providing water of suitable quality and disposing of wastewater Alternative water-efficient technologies, processes, and practices Attitudes and values related to water and the environment. Public education and awareness are necessary in implementing water conservation. However, they may need to be supplemented by appropriate legislation and regulations and economic incentives and disincentives, including consumption-based pricing. Demand for more water has been very common. This demand can be reduced by careful planning. This involves the following measures: More-efficient irrigation systems Drought-resistant cultivars and crop rotations More-efficient livestock watering systems Water metering and charging for water Use of effluent and wastewater for irrigation Household water conservation. The water resources have to be carefully managed through the following steps: Dividing water resources into various divisions for effective supply Laying a network of supply pipelines Building reservoirs for storing water Increasing water availability through groundwater extraction Treatment of wastewaters and making arrangement for their reuse Reducing losses through seepage and evaporation. Managing Excess Water. Sometimes, more water is available than the actual need. In such cases, the management of the excess water can be achieved by taking it to deficient areas through drainage: Many agricultural areas are low lying or located in flood plains and require drainage to be profitable. Good drainage improves plant growth and crop productivity, helps to reduce soil salinity and erosion, and allows farmers a wider selection of crops and a longer growing season, all of which help to reduce the costs of production. There are two types of artificial drainage system: surface and subsurface. Surface systems may contribute to declining water quality in watercourses by releasing drainage water containing sediments, nutrients, and chemicals. Subsurface systems release substances that leach through the soil, such as nitrate, pesticides, and bacteria. Drainage systems can also alter the environment by draining wetlands, removing riparian zones, increasing runoff, and changing a regions hydrology. Proper design and maintenance of drainage systems may alleviate some of these effects, but lost riparian and wetland systems are usually difficult and expensive to replace. On-farm drainage systems are not able to handle large volumes of stormwater received from developed uplands. Properly designed regional drainage systems may be needed to protect lowland agricultural areas. Even so, damage from major floods cannot always be prevented. Maintaining Reliable Water Supplies A sufficient supply of good quality water is needed for agricultural activities such as irrigation and livestock watering, as well as for domestic, municipal, industrial, recreational, and other uses. Water needs to be conserved for the lean periods such as drought. Droughts are very common but difficult to predict. They occur most often in dry regions, but other regions may also have shorter, less serious periods of drought. Drought threatens both crop and livestock production. With the potential threat of global warming and increasing trends in population, urbanization, and consumptive use, the impacts of drought can become more serious. The development of storage reservoirs is essential for maintaining adequate year-round supplies, particularly during the dry season. Groundwater is an important source of water and although the groundwater level goes down during the dry season, sufficient water can be extracted for meeting different needs. Sustainable use of groundwater resources depends on withdrawing water at rates that do not exceed recharge rates. Deep aquifers recharged only by water filtering through overlying materials are particularly at risk of over-withdrawals. Measures have been taken throughout the world for reuse of wastewater at least for irrigation and other non-drinking uses. An adequate supply of good-quality water available round the year is essential for all human activities. Concerns continue to mount regarding the availability of water as demands and competition for water grow in all sectors of society. Management of water supplies must consider all competing uses of water, including those associated with agriculture, industry, municipalities, recreation, and aquatic ecosystems. Drought Drought is a prolonged period of abnormally dry weather that depletes water resources. Because most human activities and ecosystems are dependent on reliable and adequate water resources, the impacts of drought are far reaching. Drought affects our lives by Putting stress on water and food supplies Degrading the environment through poorer water quality and more forest fires, soil erosion, and insect infestations Affecting the economy by reducing the capacity for agricultural production, power generation, transportation, and manufacturing, Causing soil moisture deficit in farmland soils and thereby threatening both crop and livestock production resulting in severe financial losses to farmers. Global warming scenarios predict that unless the warming is controlled, the frequency and severity of drought will increase and the occurrence will be unpredictable with respect to time and location. Three basic types of drought may occur separately or simultaneously: Meteorological drought occurs when precipitation is significantly below normal over a long period. Agricultural drought occurs when low soil moisture and scarce water supplies stunt crop growth, reduce crop yields, and endanger livestock. Hydrological drought occurs when a lengthy meteorological drought causes a sharp drop in the levels of groundwater, rivers, and lakes. The timing of a drought may determine its effects. For example, summer drought usually causes more problems because it coincides with the time of highest water demand. It is to be noted that drought is the result of several factors such as Below normal precipitation Extended hot dry air Already low soil moisture. Because of this complexity, a large range of climatic and hydrological variables are needed to monitor and detect drought, including temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, stream flows, and water supply conditions. The serious impacts of drought call for an integrated effort from the physical, biological, and social sciences to develop effective responses. Surface water management Surface water management requires effective measures to control the extremes of floods and droughts, while maintaining a reliable water supply to meet the basic needs of human life and the demands of economic development. Because of the high degree of variability of precipitation, water storage is a must to provide a year-round supply of water. The storage in the form of reservoirs, dams, dugouts, and natural lakes has been a common practice. A significant challenge to water managers is locating surface water supplies relative to that of water users. Water users (domestic, municipal, agricultural, and industrial) usually require a number of resources and services and are not always located near the water sources. Providing a reliable supply of water to users often requires distribution networks consisting of canals and pipelines. Wetlands Wetlands are areas saturated with water for long enough to significantly alter soil and vegetation and promote aquatic processes. The five main types of wetlands-bogs, fens, swamps, marshes, and shallow water-are characterized by A seasonal or permanent covering of shallow water A water table at or near the surface for most of the growing season Saturated organic soils, or peat, the productivity of which depends on the nutrient status and the pH of the site Water-loving plants, such as cattails, rushes, reeds, sedges, dogwood, willows, and cedars. Wetlands provide a number of environmental benefits, i.e. they provide habitat for wildlife, improve water quality by serving as biological filters and mechanical settling and filtering ponds, which help to remove impurities from the water, recharge groundwater, augment low flow in watercourses, serve as a buffer against drought, reduce the risk and damage of flooding by storing large volumes of water during heavy rainfall, rapid thaws, or runoff events, and stabilize shorelines. The other important services rendered by wetlan

George Thomson :: essays research papers

George Thomson b. 1757, d. 1851 Scottish folksong editor and publisher. For 59 years he worked for the Board of Trustees for the Encouragement of Art and Manufactures in Scotland. Joined the Edinburgh Musical Society, played the violin in the orchestra and sang in the choir. He developed an interest in Scottish folksongs set to classical arrangements and about 1791 he decided to publish a comprehensive collection for voice and piano trio, by the most renowned European composers. This cost a great deal of his private money and was not complete until 1841. Haydn was engaged to arrange folksongs and these were published in 1792 and 1795. Pleyel arranged other tunes and the first part of the "Select Collection of Scottish Airs" was published in 1793. From the Preface:- "The Symphonies and Accompaniments next engaged his solicitude. For the composition of these, he entered into terms with Mr Pleyel, who fulfilled part of his engagement satisfactorily; but having then stopt short, the Editor found it necessary to turn his eyes elsewhere. He was so fortunate, however, as to engage Mr Kozeluch, and afterwards Dr Haydn, to proceed with the Work, which they have finished in such a manner as to leave him nothing to regret on Mr Pleyel's breach of engagement." Beethoven, Weber, Hummel and Bishop were also involved, Beethoven writing 126 settings and Haydn 187. As mentioned above, this was not a cheap undertaking and, sadly, cannot be deemed a musical success, the Scottish folksong being largely of an alien nature to the arrangers, and if, as claimed in the Preface, Haydyn tackled the work con amore, Beethoven was angered by the simplification of his piano accompaniments to suit the demands and abilities of the drawing-room market. Indeed, he later refused George Thomson's approaches to write chamber music, incorporating Scottish folktunes, pricing himself out of the publisher's means. George Thomson :: essays research papers George Thomson b. 1757, d. 1851 Scottish folksong editor and publisher. For 59 years he worked for the Board of Trustees for the Encouragement of Art and Manufactures in Scotland. Joined the Edinburgh Musical Society, played the violin in the orchestra and sang in the choir. He developed an interest in Scottish folksongs set to classical arrangements and about 1791 he decided to publish a comprehensive collection for voice and piano trio, by the most renowned European composers. This cost a great deal of his private money and was not complete until 1841. Haydn was engaged to arrange folksongs and these were published in 1792 and 1795. Pleyel arranged other tunes and the first part of the "Select Collection of Scottish Airs" was published in 1793. From the Preface:- "The Symphonies and Accompaniments next engaged his solicitude. For the composition of these, he entered into terms with Mr Pleyel, who fulfilled part of his engagement satisfactorily; but having then stopt short, the Editor found it necessary to turn his eyes elsewhere. He was so fortunate, however, as to engage Mr Kozeluch, and afterwards Dr Haydn, to proceed with the Work, which they have finished in such a manner as to leave him nothing to regret on Mr Pleyel's breach of engagement." Beethoven, Weber, Hummel and Bishop were also involved, Beethoven writing 126 settings and Haydn 187. As mentioned above, this was not a cheap undertaking and, sadly, cannot be deemed a musical success, the Scottish folksong being largely of an alien nature to the arrangers, and if, as claimed in the Preface, Haydyn tackled the work con amore, Beethoven was angered by the simplification of his piano accompaniments to suit the demands and abilities of the drawing-room market. Indeed, he later refused George Thomson's approaches to write chamber music, incorporating Scottish folktunes, pricing himself out of the publisher's means.